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Conversion of img file format to dmg file format ^beta

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Search for img to dmg converter or software able to handle these file types.

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Convert CloneCD disk image to Apple Mac disk image.

We have found 5 software records in our database eligible for .img to .dmg file format conversion.

Disk images in CloneCD format (.img files) can be converted to basic macOS / Mac OS X images (.dmg files) with programs like AnyToISO or similar dedicated disk image conversion programs, some of the good picks capable of img to dmg conversion are listed below.

Updated: March 14, 2019

Microsoft Windows software - convert img to dmg on Windows

AnyToISO

A disk image converter for Microsoft Windows

File extension	Convert	Open	Save	Edit	Create	Import	Export	Extract
Convert from img file	Yes, AnyToISO supports img file conversion as a source file type.	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
to dmg file	Yes, AnyToISO supports dmg file conversion as a target file type.	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes

The tables with software actions are a good pointer for what a certain program does with various file types and often may give users a good hint how to perform certain file conversion, for example the above-mentioned img to dmg. However, it is not perfect and sometimes can show results which are not really usable because of how certain programs work with files and the possible conversion is thus actually not possible at all.

Helperamc Pop-up (Advanced Mac Cleaner) modifies the start up program settings and runs directly as long as the system is launched. Helperamc Pop-up (Advanced Mac Cleaner) claims that it can help to optimize your computer. As a harmful malware, helperamc Pop-up (Advanced Mac Cleaner) activates itself in the background without asking permission. Advanced mac cleaner popup virus.

gBurner

One of the many CD/DVD burning tools

File extension	Convert	Open	Save	Edit	Create	Import	Export	Extract
No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes

PowerISO

Application used to manage DAA and other disk images

File extension	Convert	Open	Save	Edit	Create	Import	Export	Extract
No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes

Apple macOS / Mac OS X software - convert img to dmg on OS X

DropDMG

A program for creating Mac OS X disk images

File extension	Convert	Open	Save	Edit	Create	Import	Export	Extract
No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

AnyToISO for Mac

Dmg 2 Llc

Mac version of popular disk image converting program

File extension	Convert	Open	Save	Edit	Create	Import	Export	Extract
Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes

Additional links: Open img file, Open dmg file

IMG

Files with img file extension might also be found as disk images created using the CloneCD program. One of the many disk image file types.

DMG

A dmg file extension is used for default disk image format in Mac OS X (macOS) that replaced the older IMG format. It is used much like ISO images on Windows platform.

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PMML 4.2 - General Structure

PMML uses XML to represent mining models. The structure of the models is described by an XML Schema. One or more mining models can be contained in a PMML document. A PMML document is an XML document with a root element of type PMML. The general structure of a PMML document is:

The namespaces in the PMML Schema itself are defined as:

Note that because of the namespace declaration in its current form, PMML cannot be mixed with content of a different namespace.

Although a PMML document must be valid with respect to the PMML XSD, a document must not require a validating parser, which would load external entities. In addition to being a valid XML document, a valid PMML document must obey a number of further rules which are described at various places in the PMML specification. See also the conformance rules for valid PMML documents, producers, and consumers.

The root element of a PMML document must have type PMML.

A PMML document can contain more than one model. If the application system provides a means of selecting models by name and if the PMML consumer specifies a model name, then that model is used; otherwise the first model is used.

A PMML compliant system is not required to provide model selection by name.

The list of mining models in a PMML document may even be empty. The document can be used to carry the initial metadata before an actual model is computed. A PMML document containing no model is not meant to be useful for a PMML consumer.

For PMML 4.2 the attribute version must have the value 4.2

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The element MiningBuildTask can contain any XML value describing the configuration of the training run that produced the model instance. This information is not directly needed by a PMML consumer, but in many cases it is helpful for maintenance and visualization of the model. The particular content structure of MiningBuildTask is not defined by PMML. Though, this element would be the natural container for task specifications as defined by other mining standards, e.g., in SQL or Java.

In general, field names in PMML should be unique. Avoiding name duplication is a good practice since it makes life easier for consumers and, with few exceptions, certain field names cannot be duplicated under any circumstances (e.g., DerivedFields in the TransformationDictionary). For more information on field names, see Scope of Fields.

Certain types of PMML models such as neural networks or logistic regression can be used for different purposes. That is, some instances implement prediction of numeric values, while others can be used for classification. Therefore, PMML defines five different mining functions. Each model has an attribute functionName which specifies the mining function.

For all PMML models the structure of the top-level model element is similar to the template of ExampleModel as below

A non-empty list of mining fields defines a mining schema. The output element gives a list of result values and internal results such as confidences or probabilities that can be computed by the model. The univariate statistics contain global statistics on (a subset of the) mining fields. The targets section holds more information on the target values and accompanying information like prior probabilities, optypes and the like. LocalTransformations holds derived fields that are local to the model. Other model specific elements follow after that, in the content of ExampleModel. Finally, the ModelVerification part gives sample data and results of the model so consumers can instantly validate.
For a list of models that have been defined in PMML 4.2 see the element PMML above.

modelName: the value in modelName identifies the model with a unique name in the context of the PMML file. This attribute is not required. Consumers of PMML models are free to manage the names of the models at their discretion.

functionName and algorithmName describe the kind of mining model, e.g., whether it is intended to be used for clustering or for classification. The algorithm name is free-type and can be any description for the specific algorithm that produced the model. This attribute is for information only.

Ties

Although rare, it is possible for classification models to identify more than one 'winning' outcomes. In these instances, PMML doesn't define a tie-breaking procedure but recommends that the category appearing first in the predictor's DataField be selected.

Naming Conventions

The naming conventions for PMML are:

• Element Names are in mixed case, first uppercase.
• AttributeNames are in mixed case, first lowercase.
• Constants in enumerations are in mixed case, first lowercase.
• SimpleTypes are all uppercase.

Usage of the character '-' is discouraged in order to avoid confusion with mathematical notation.

Extension Mechanism

The PMML schema contains a mechanism for extending the content of a model. Extension elements should be present as the first child in all elements and groups defined in PMML. This way it is possible to place information in the Extension elements which affects how the remaining entries are treated. The main element in each model should have Extension elements as the first and the last child for maximum flexibility.

These extension elements have a content model of ANY, where vendor specific extension elements can be included. However, element types must start with X-. This convention helps to avoid conflicts with possible future extensions to standard PMML.
Extension also features the attributes name and value to specify single extension attributes, where name will specify the name of the extension attribute and value the respective value.

If a document uses local namespaces, then the name of the namespace should not start with PMML or DMG or any variant of these names with lowercase characters. They are reserved for future use in PMML.

Up to PMML 2.1, extension attributes could be added to all elements in PMML if the prefix x- was used. This mechanism is deprecated, extension elements should be used instead. PMML documents with extension attributes using the old convention are still considered to be valid PMML. However, note that PMML documents containing old-style x- extension attributes will not validate in XML schema, but one can use XSL transformation to remove all x- extension attributes and receive an XML document that will validate.

Examples

An extension attribute format can be added to a DataField like this:

An extension element DataFieldSource can be added to a DataField in the PCDATA section like this:

Basic data types and entities

The definition

is commonly used for distinguishing numeric values from other data. Numbers may have a leading sign, fractions, and an exponent. The type float in XML Schema supports numbers represented as INF, -INF, and NaN. These tokens are not allowed for NUMBER. In addition to NUMBER there are a couple of more specific types, they are like subtypes of NUMBER:

An INT-NUMBER must be an integer, no fractions or exponent.

A REAL-NUMBER can be any number covered by the C/C++ types float, long or double. Scientific notation, eg., 1.23e4, is allowed. Literals INF, -INF, and NaN are not supported.

PMML uses the character '.' as decimal point in the representation of REAL-NUMBER values.

A PROB-NUMBER is a REAL-NUMBER between 0.0 and 1.0, usually describing a probability.

A PERCENTAGE-NUMBER is a REAL-NUMBER between 0.0 and 100.0.

Note that these entities do not enforce the XML parser to check the data types. However they still define requirements for a valid PMML document.

Many elements contain references to input fields. PMML does not use IDREF to represent field names because field names are not necessarily valid XML identifiers. However, given the definition

then references to input fields will be obvious from the schema syntax. Note that a model can refer to two kinds of input fields. One is the set of MiningFields in the MiningSchema. The others are the DerivedFields as defined in TransformationDictionary or LocalTransformations. Further note that field names, like all other elements of PMML and in XML in general, are case sensitive.

Plain Arrays of Values

Instances of mining models often contain sets with a large number of values. The type Array is defined as a container structure which implements arrays of numbers and strings in a fairly compact way.

The content of Array is a blank separated sequence of values, multiple blanks are as good as one blank. The attribute n determines the number of elements in the sequence. If n is given it must match the number of values in the content, otherwise the PMML document is invalid. The attribute type is required since parsing an array is simpler if the type of the values in the content is specified up-front. This is particularly true for SAX based parsing. In many cases the type of the values is known from the context where the Array appears. But there are also cases where Arrays can be mixed e.g., in the statistics elements. String values may be enclosed within double quotes ', which are not considered to be part of the value. If a string value contains the double quote character ' , then it must be escaped by a backslash character (that is the same escaping mechanism as used in C/C++).

Example:

The second array contains the three strings 'ab', 'a b', and 'with 'quotes' '.

Similar to the entities for different types of numbers we define entities for arrays which should have a specific content type. Again, these entities just map to a single XML markup.

A NUM-ARRAY is an array of numbers. The other entities define arrays which contain integers, reals or strings.

Sparse Arrays of Values

A special case of arrays are sparse arrays which only store elements with non-zero values.

The attribute n specifies the length of the sparse array, which is especially useful in case the last entries are not explicitly specified. defaultValue can be used to specify an arbitrary default value for all positions which are not specified by the two arrays.
The content of SparseArray is two arrays, Indices and INT-Entries or REAL-Entries. In both cases, the length is implicitly implied, and the content is defined by the kind of the sparse array. Indices contains the indices of entries that do not have the defaultValue; the index starts with 1. INT-Entries and REAL-Entries contain the respective values for the indices specified in Indices. Or, to put it another way: The identifiers of the first array correspond to the data values to the second array in the same order. Hence, both arrays, Indices and INT-Entries or REAL-Entries, must have the same length. If both are omitted, then the sparse array has defaultValue for all entries (see second example below). Either both arrays or none must be present - otherwise the PMML is not valid.

Examples:

The array 0 3 0 0 42 0 0 can be written like this:

The array 0 0 0 0 0 0 can be written like this:

Matrix

In order to save space, a matrix can be stored as a diagonal or even sparse matrix.

The matrix is internally represented as a sequence of Arrays or MatCells. If arrays are used, then each array contains elements of one row in the matrix.
On the other hand MatCells contain the numeric value of the cell specified by row and col. Indices for rows and columns start with 1. If a sparse representation is used, diagDefault and/or offDiagDefault must be set to fill in if no value is given for a certain cell.
nbRows and nbCols give the dimensions of the Matrix. If one of them is not specified, the respective dimension is implicitly given by the representation. In case of sparse representation using MatCells, the respective dimension is given by the respective maximum filled entry.

The actual representation is triggered by the kind of the Matrix:

• diagonal: The content is just one array of numbers representing the diagonal values.
• symmetric: The content must be represented by Arrays. The first array contains the matrix element M(0,0), the second array contains M(1,0), M(1,1), and so on (that is the lower left triangle). Other elements are defined by symmetry.
• any: Either specify all values via Arrays, or choose sparse structures using MatCells.

Evaluating a matrix element M(i,j) proceeds as follows:

1. The element is explicitly given, either in a MatCell with row=i and col=j, or in the j-th element of the i-th array of Matrix.
2. The attribute kind of the matrix is symmetric, and the element M(j,i) is explicitly given.
3. A default value is given, either in the attribute diagDefault, or in the attribute offDiagDefault.
4. No value can be calculated at this step. Calculation will be done only if a default behavior or additional information are given at a higher level.

Example:
The matrix can be written in the following ways (non-sparse and sparse representation):

Dmg2 Oef

Non-Scoring Models

Finding a good data mining model is often a process of trial and error. It is not unusual for a data mining algorithm to fail in its attempt generate model that is worthy of deployment. This is especially true during the early exploratory phase of the process, when a wide variety of variables are iteratively tested in search of finding that handful features in the data that can be exploited to meet a specific goal. Or, more fundamentally, most data mining algorithms have requirements must be met in order to operate properly. If, say, there is an insufficient amount of data or if there is a problem within the data, the algorithm may not produce a model at all. Alternatively, many data mining tools include features that will automatically eliminate variables that do not meet a certain criteria or enforce a minimum model quality requirement before allowing a model to be deployed.

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PMML includes many features that help users understand the quality of their models, including Statistics and Model Explanation. These descriptive elements are useful for valid models and they can be even more valuable when trying to understand a failed modeling attempt. Ironic as this may seem, there is value in PMML's ability to represent both good and bad models, especially in systems where PMML is the only interface between the module generating the model and the module consuming it. But this also requires that the consumer can tell the difference between PMML that contains a valid model and PMML that should not be used for scoring.

For example, consider the case where all the independent variables for a regression model failed to meet the minimum importance criteria. The usageType of the MiningField for each variable could be set to supplementary instead of active and the producer could include UnivariateStats about each MiningField, statistics that would provide valuable descriptive information about why that variable was eliminated. Alternatively, imagine if the model did not meet some minimum criteria, the producer could include explanatory details in Model Explanation.

In these cases, the producer generating valid PMML would generate a regression model with no independent variables and no intercept, a 'y = 0' model. A consumer would have no way of knowing that it should not generate valid scores from such a model. And, if the consumer deployed this model for scoring, its users would have no way of knowing that the 0 scores should not be used.

While PMML does contain a MiningBuildTask element that can be used can used to describe the results of training, consumers are not required to process this element. In fact, prior to PMML 4.1, there was no way to produce syntactically valid PMML that did not contain a model, and there was no way to tell the consumer not to score that model.

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Therefore, in PMML 4.1, an optional attribute isScorable was added to each PMML model element. If this attribute is true (which is the default if this attribute is absent), then the model should be processed normally. However, if the attribute is set to false, then the model producer has indicated that this model is intended for information purposes only and should not be used to generate results. Models with this attribute set to false are called 'non-scoring' models.

Producers who only generate models that are valid for scoring are unaffected by this change. But producers that wish to generate PMML that contain a non-scoring model should set this attribute to false as a clear indication that model is not intended for scoring.

Model consumers can choose not to deploy non-scoring models or deploy them only for visualization and not scoring. Alternatively, consumers that deploy for scoring a non-scoring model need to ensure that scoring always generates an invalid result. This should be the same result a model would generate if the model received an unhandled invalid input (an invalid value that is not handled by invalid value treatment, see MiningField for more information about invalidValueTreatment). By definition in PMML, any operation on an invalid input results in an invalid output. Similarly, any non-scoring model must only generate invalid results.

The PMML XSD contains required elements and attributes that must be present for the PMML to be valid, even for non-scoring models. Setting isScorable to false does not eliminate to need to meet XSD requirements in order for PMML to be considered valid. For example, each model element must contain a MiningSchema and there can be additional requirements for each model type (e.g., Regression models must have at least one RegressionTable, Trees must have one Node, etc.). For more details about the XSD requirements for non-scoring models, see the description of the isScorable attribute for each model type.